How to apply organic fertilizer to soybeans

The application of organic fertilizers in soybean crops is a practice that improves soil quality and enhances plant growth. To carry out a correct application, it is essential to follow the guidelines established by SENASA and consider the specific characteristics of each crop.

First, it is recommended to conduct a soil analysis to determine the specific nutritional needs of soybeans. This will allow for the selection of the appropriate organic fertilizer, whether based on compost, manure, or biostimulants.

The application can be done either foliar or to the soil. For soil application, the fertilizer can be incorporated at the time of planting or during the crop cycle, depending on the specific recommendations of the product. In the case of foliar application, it is important to do it during hours of lower solar radiation to avoid product evaporation.

Soil analysis and its importance

Soil analysis is a crucial step in modern agriculture, as it allows farmers to understand the chemical, physical, and biological composition of the land. In the case of soybeans, a complete analysis should include the evaluation of parameters such as pH, organic matter, levels of essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur), and the presence of beneficial microorganisms. According to studies, an optimal pH for soybean cultivation is between 6.0 and 6.8, which favors nutrient availability.

Additionally, it is recommended to evaluate the cation exchange capacity (CEC), which indicates the soil’s ability to retain and release essential nutrients. Soils with a high CEC are better able to provide nutrients to plants, which is fundamental to maximizing soybean yield. A CEC greater than 15 meq/100 g of soil is considered ideal for soybean crops, allowing for better nutrient availability during the crop cycle.

Application techniques

The application of organic fertilizers can be carried out using different techniques that ensure uniform and efficient distribution. The most common techniques include:

• Incorporation into the soil: This involves mixing the organic fertilizer with the soil before planting, allowing nutrients to be available to the roots from the start of the vegetative cycle. This technique has proven effective in soils with low organic matter, increasing nutrient availability by 20-30% during the early growth stages.
• Band application: This technique involves placing the fertilizer in rows or bands along the planting furrows. This can increase nutrient absorption efficiency, as soybean roots can more easily access the nutrients concentrated in these areas. Studies have shown that band application can improve yield by 10-15% compared to uniform application.
• Foliar application: This can be used to complement nutritional needs during the active growth of the plant, especially at critical stages such as flower and fruit formation. Foliar application of nutrients like calcium and magnesium can increase grain quality and size, resulting in a yield increase of up to 5-8%.

Recommended doses of organic fertilizer for soybeans

The dose of organic fertilizer for soybeans varies depending on the type of product and soil conditions. As a general rule, between 300 to 500 kg per hectare of organic fertilizer is recommended, distributed in two or three applications during the crop cycle.

It is crucial to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and adjust the doses according to soil analysis and recommendations from agronomy experts. This ensures a proper nutritional balance and maximizes production.

Factors influencing the dose

The dose of organic fertilizer should be adjusted based on several factors, including:

• Soil type: Sandy soils may require higher doses due to their lower nutrient retention capacity, while clay soils can hold more nutrients and require lower doses. For example, a sandy soil may need up to 20% more fertilizer compared to a clay soil to achieve the same yield.
• Growth stage of the soybean: During the vegetative phase, soybeans may need more nitrogen, while during flowering and grain filling, phosphorus and potassium become more important. It has been observed that during the grain filling stage, an addition of 50-100 kg of phosphorus per hectare can increase yield by 10-12%.
• Climatic conditions: During periods of high temperature and low humidity, plants may require more nutrients due to water stress. Studies have shown that under drought conditions, the application of organic fertilizers can improve stress tolerance and maintain plant yield. In severe drought conditions, the use of organic fertilizers can result in a 15-20% higher yield compared to the use of inorganic fertilizers alone.

Field application examples

In a study conducted in the province of Córdoba, 400 kg/ha of organic compost was applied at planting time and 200 kg/ha of a foliar biostimulant during flowering. The results showed a 15% increase in grain production compared to the exclusive use of chemical fertilizers. Another example was observed in the Santa Fe region, where 300 kg/ha of composted cow manure was applied, resulting in a 20% increase in yield compared to the control without fertilization. In both cases, significant improvements in grain quality were recorded, including an increase in protein content and a reduction in pest incidence.

Benefits of organic fertilizer in soybean crops

Using organic fertilizers in soybean crops offers multiple benefits:

• Improves soil quality: Increases organic matter, favoring water and nutrient retention. Soils with 3-5% organic matter can retain up to 100,000 liters of water per hectare. Additionally, organic matter acts as a reservoir of nutrients, releasing them gradually. This is especially important in soils that have been degraded by intensive use of chemical products.
• Reduces dependence on chemical inputs: By nourishing the soil naturally, it decreases the need for synthetic fertilizers. This is not only beneficial for the environment but also reduces long-term operational costs. A study from the University of Buenos Aires revealed that production costs were reduced by 15% by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic ones, and producers also reported improved soil and plant health.
• Increases biodiversity: Promotes a more balanced ecosystem, enhancing soil health. A healthy soil can contain up to 1,000 million microorganisms per gram, contributing to a more efficient nutrient cycle. This also improves the crop’s resistance to pests and diseases. The use of organic fertilizers has been shown to increase microbial diversity in the soil, which is essential for the long-term sustainability of crops.
• Organic certification: Organic products can be certified, adding value to production. In the international market, organic products can fetch prices 30-50% higher than conventional ones. Certification also opens opportunities in markets that value sustainable agricultural practices. Farmers who opt for organic production often find new market niches, which can result in a significant increase in their income.

Impact on plant health

The use of organic fertilizers has been shown to have a positive impact on plant health. For example, the application of compost not only provides nutrients but also improves soil structure, facilitating root growth. A study conducted by the National University of La Plata found that soybean plants receiving compost applications showed a 20% increase in root biomass compared to those that did not receive it. This translates into a stronger root system and a greater capacity for water and nutrient absorption. This improvement in root health has also been correlated with greater resistance to diseases and environmental stress.

Additionally, organic fertilizers can influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the plant, which can increase resistance to diseases and pests. Research has shown that plants treated with biofertilizers have a 25% higher concentration of phenolic compounds, which are essential for plant defense. This increase in secondary metabolites can result in a lower need for pesticide applications, contributing to a more sustainable crop management.

Reduction of diseases

Organic fertilizers also contribute to the reduction of diseases in soybean crops. Soil with good microbial biodiversity can help prevent the emergence of pathogens. For example, the incorporation of mycorrhizal-based biostimulants has been shown to reduce the incidence of diseases such as root rot, thanks to the competition they create against soil pathogens. In a study in the province of Buenos Aires, it was observed that soybean plants treated with mycorrhizae had a 30% lower incidence of fungal diseases compared to the control group. This approach not only improves crop health but also reduces costs associated with disease management.

Best organic biostimulants for soybeans in Argentina

In Argentina, there are various options for organic biostimulants that have shown good results in soybean crops. Some of the most notable include:

• Seaweed-based biostimulants: Promote root growth and improve nutrient absorption. These products can increase nutrient availability by 25-30%. A trial in the province of Entre Ríos demonstrated that the application of a seaweed biostimulant increased production by 18% compared to the control. Additionally, the application of seaweed can also improve tolerance to stress conditions, such as droughts or extreme temperatures.
• Worm humus extracts: Increase soil microbial activity and improve plant health. Studies have shown that worm humus can increase soybean production by 10-15% in degraded soils. Additionally, it improves moisture retention capacity, which is crucial during drought periods. In areas where water availability is limited, the use of worm humus can be an effective strategy to maintain productivity.
• Mycorrhizal-based products: Promote symbiosis with roots, facilitating access to nutrients. Under water stress conditions, mycorrhizal plants can show a 30% lower yield loss. Their use in soybean planting has been associated with an increase in tolerance to adverse conditions. Symbiosis with mycorrhizae improves not only nutrient absorption but also disease resistance, which is crucial for crop sustainability.

Case studies on the use of biostimulants

A study conducted in the Pampas region of Argentina demonstrated that the application of a marine algae-based biostimulant in soybeans increased grain production by 18% compared to the treatment without biostimulants. Farmers who adopted this practice also reported better resistance to adverse climatic conditions, such as droughts. In another case, the use of worm humus extracts in a comparative trial showed a 12% increase in yield and a notable improvement in grain quality, increasing its protein content. These cases highlight the importance of integrating biostimulants into agricultural practices to optimize crop yield and quality.

Organic fertilizers certified by SENASA for soybeans

It is important to use organic fertilizers that have SENASA certification, as this guarantees that the product complies with current regulations and is safe for the environment and health. In the Argentine market, there are several options for organic fertilizers that have been validated by this entity, ensuring their effectiveness and quality.

For more information about the products and services we offer, you can visit our section on organic fertilizers or contact us for advice on the best choice for your crops.

Examples of certified organic fertilizers

Some of the organic fertilizers certified by SENASA that are commonly used in soybean production include:

• High-quality organic compost: This product is made from organic waste and is characterized by its high content of organic matter and nutrients. Its application can significantly improve soil structure. It is recommended to apply between 5 to 8 tons per hectare before planting, which can result in an increase of up to 20% in soybean yield. Additionally, compost helps improve water retention in sandy soils, which is crucial during drought periods.
• Properly treated animal manure: Manure from birds, cows, and pigs, when properly composted, can be an excellent source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients. Its use can improve soil fertility by 15-25%, depending on the quality of the manure and its management. In field trials, it has been observed that poultry manure, applied in adequate doses, can significantly increase soybean production due to its high nitrogen content.
• Liquid biofertilizers: These concentrated products contain beneficial microorganisms and are applied either foliar or to the soil, promoting healthy plant growth. Foliar applications of biofertilizers have been shown to increase photosynthesis by 10-15%, which translates into better development and yield of the crop. Additionally, these biofertilizers can help plants resist adverse conditions, such as pests and diseases.

Benefits of choosing certified products

Opting for certified organic fertilizers not only ensures compliance with quality and safety regulations but can also open doors to markets that value sustainable production. Producers using these certified products can access higher prices and greater business opportunities, especially in international markets where the demand for organic products is increasing. Furthermore, the use of certified products can enhance the producer’s reputation, strengthening their relationship with consumers who seek more sustainable and responsible options in food production. This results in a positive cycle, where the adoption of sustainable practices benefits not only the environment but also improves the farmer’s profitability in the long term.

Final considerations on the use of organic fertilizers

The use of organic fertilizers in soybean cultivation is not only a beneficial practice for soil and plant health but also contributes to agricultural sustainability in Argentina. As the demand for organic products continues to rise, farmers have the opportunity to innovate and adopt practices that benefit both their production and the environment. It is essential for producers to stay informed about the best practices and technologies available, as well as current regulations, to maximize the benefits of organic fertilizers.

Additionally, implementing an integrated management program that combines organic fertilizers with other agronomic practices, such as crop rotation and biological pest control, can result in a more resilient and productive agricultural system. Investing in soil health and biodiversity can not only improve crop yields but also contribute to food security and the conservation of natural resources in the long term.

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